Links to APA Resources
General Reminders
- Cite all Media, even if you are the author; this makes it clear that you have addressed all citations
- Parenthetical and Narrative citations have slightly different requirements. View the resources above for specific examples. The table below highlights a few examples only.
In-Text Citations
| Parenthetical Citation | Narrative Citation |
|---|---|
| Parenthetical citation to a whole textual work (e.g. a book or an article): (Mattingly et al., 2012) or (Cope & Kalantzis, 2019) | Narrative citation to a whole textual work: Cope and Kalantzis (2019) conclude that… (note the difference – in the parenthetical citation, it would be (Cope & Kalantzis, 2019) |
| Repeat the year even if citing a source more than once in the same paragraph for the parenthetical citation. | Do not repeat the year if referencing a source more than once in the same paragraph for the narrative citation. |
| Specific pages in a textual work where an idea is represented, or a direct quote. Except when you are pointing to an idea which is encompassed by a whole text, direct people to specific pages. Do this whenever possible, a reference to specific pages is more accurate and helpful. Direct quotes must cite a specific page or pages. (Tzirides, 2020, pp. 27-28) | Multiple narrative references to whole works. Mattingly et al. (2012), Cope and Kalantzis (2019), and Tzirides (2020) agree … |
| Parenthetical citation to a video within the text. It is important that videos are introduced and integrated into an argument in the same way that direct quotes would be. Particularly when videos are long, the citation should be to a timestamped range. Include videos in the reference list. (Francis, 2018, 15:45-16.07) | Narrative video citation: Francis (2019, 15:45-16.07) states … |
| In-text video caption: Cite the author in the caption Fig. 7: Kara Francis speaks about the role of senses of community in learning (Francis 2019). | In-text video caption: write something about the video, which describes its contents or offers your reason for including it, then parenthetical citation that points to the full citation reference list: |
Media Citations
- If media (e.g. image, table etc.) is from a book, journal article etc., include parenthetical citation in caption that points to a full citation in the reference list:
Fig. 8: Mattingly’s model of authentic assessment: (Mattingly 2021, p. 17)
- If media is an image, infographic, or site on the web, be sure to acknowledge the source, but do not include in the reference list unless you want to cite a larger work of which it is a part:
Fig. 9: Robert Towns, slave trader. https://www.facebook.com/IndigenousWorldofEntertainment/posts/1737740096373274
End-of-Work Reference Listing
- Books, Journal Articles, Conference Proceedings etc.
As per APA (book titles and article titles only have the first word capitalized; journal titles and volumes are capitalized and italicized)
- Websites: See APA guideline for different circumstances:
- Video: select a principal creator as “author”, for instance, the main person who appears on a video, the video direct, the organization that initiated the video etc.
Robinson, K. (2006). Ken Robinson: How school kills creativity [Video]. TED Conferences. http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity.html
*Videos that are embedded do not require a listing in the references because there is a direct link.
- Podcasts are treated much the same way, except you use the identifier [Audio file].
- If an archived webinar is recoverable online, it can be cited as an online video as well. For example:
Axe, J., & Bell, T. (2017, March 27). Lunch and learn: Giving feedback on student writing [Webinar]. Royal Roads University. https://livestream.com/royalroads/events/7167907/videos/15278262
Examples from Admin Update 1B
- Towards Education Justice: A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies, Revisited
- Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (2023). Towards education justice: Multiliteracies revisited. In B. Cope, M. Kalantzis, and G.C. Zapata (Eds), Multiliteracies in international educational contexts: Towards education justice? (forthcoming) (pp. 1-30).
- Education 2.0: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Test
- Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2019). Education 2.0: Artificial intelligence and the end of the test. Beijing International Review of Education, 1, 528-543.
- ‘Education is the New Philosophy’ – to Make a Metadisciplinary Claim for the Learning Sciences
- Kalantzis, M. & Cope, B. (2014). Education is the new philosophy, to make a metadisciplinary claim for the learning sciences. In A.D. Reid, E.P. Hart, and M.A. Peters (eds), Companion to research in education (pp 101-115). Springer: Dordrecht. doi 10.1007/978-94-007-6809-3
- A Metalanguage for Learning: Rebalancing the Cognitive with the Socio-Material
- Lim, F. V., Cope, B., Kal antzis, M. (2022). A metalanguage for learning: Rebalancing the cognitive with the socio-material. Frontiers in Communication, 7(Article 830613):1-15. doi: http://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.830613.
- The Changing Dynamics of Online Education: Five Theses on the Future of Learning
- Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2022) The changing dynamics of online education: Five theses on the future of learning. In C. Lütge (ed.), Foreign language learning in the digital age: Theory and pedagogy for developing literacies (pp. 9-33) Routledge. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003032083-3.
- Futures for Education Research
- Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2020). Editorial: Futures for research in education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53, 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1824781
- Learner Differences in Theory and Practice
- Kalantzis, M., & Cope, B. (2016). Learner differences in theory and practice. Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 85-132. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1164616.
- The Things You Do To Know: An Introduction to the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies
- Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2015). The things you do to know: An introduction to the pedagogy of multiliteracies. In B. Cope & M. Kalantzis (eds.), A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Learning by design, (pp. 1-36). Palgrave.
- The Digital Learner: Towards a Reflexive Pedagogy
- Kalantzis, M. & Cope, B. (2020). The digital learner: Towards a reflexive pedagogy. In M. Montebello (ed.), Handbook of research on digital learning (pp. xviii-xxxi). IGI Global.
- Assessment and Pedagogy in the Era of Machine-Mediated Learning
- Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2015). Assessment and pedagogy in the era of machine-mediated learning. In T. Dragonas, K. J. Gergen, S.McNamee , & E. Tseliou (eds.), Education as Social Construction: Contributions to Theory, Research, and Practice (pp. 350-74). Worldshare Books.